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Article HOW IS FREEMASONRY FREE ? ← Page 2 of 2 Article THE BOYS' SCHOOL ANNIVERSARY FOR 1878. Page 1 of 1 Article THE NEW GRAND OFFICERS. Page 1 of 1 Article THE NEW GRAND OFFICERS. Page 1 of 1 Article Original Correspondence. Page 1 of 1 Article Original Correspondence. Page 1 of 1
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
How Is Freemasonry Free ?
word , but that it is made up of free men , their own masters , owning no interference with their individual liberty of action , admitting no serfdom or servitude . Originally the operative Mason was free of bis guild , and probably we have in the word a remembrance of emancipation through
honest labour in towns of those who were originally " villani , adscript i glebre . " For it is quite clear that no serf could be admitted into the guilds , and though emancipated serfs could be , that is those free by service , or free by manumission , no one could be admitted to the
freedom of the guild whom the lord could reclaim from the borough under the provisions of more than one special Act of Parliament . But all that English Freemasonry now requires of a candidate is that he should be actually a free man . Again , Freemasonry is free ,
in that it never endeavours to force or bias any one even to enter into the Order . It requires a " perfect freedom of inclination " in all who aspire to penetrate lawfully into its mysteries , and long may we studiously guard that distinguishing badge and token of
our " profession , ' discountenancing any attempt to " tout" for candidates , or to press the claims of Masonry on any . Its own intrinsic merits are ever sufficient to entitle it to the regard of the serious , and the admiration of the intelligent . Freemasonry is free also in that it lays down no absolute law of convivial habits , but leaves a
perfect freedom of choice and procedure to the individual taste and temperament . In the case mentioned by our correspondent , the W . M ., inour opinion , showed the very worst possible "form , " and transgressed grievously against the great Masonic law of undoubted and perfect freedom in
the social circle . It is very remarkable to note the change which has come over all social existence , no less than over the Masonic banquet , even •within our own memory . The views of the W . M . complained of have long been obsolete , and would be no longer tolerated in any ciicle
of Masonic gentlemen . To notice what a brother eats or drinks , or does not eat and drink , is a grave offence against Masonic good manners , against that courtesy , and decorum , and consideration which so entirely characterize our Masonic " symposia , " and w-e are only sorry that any one can
have so forgotten his responsibility as a Master , and his duty as a host . We meet every day some of the most distinguished brethren of our Order , among whom the greatest forbearance , friendly feeling , and gentlemanly toleration exist on all such sumptuary regulations , and we consider it one of the most charming characteristics of the
Masonic inner social life that our lodge aggregation is " Liberty Hall , " where all in these respects follow their own bent , and are regulated by their own sense of duty , or necessity , or health without being exposed to itnportunatesolicitation , or brow-beaten by impertinent dictation . We trust that we have in some sort answered
our correspondent , and that our reply will give him satisfaction . If there be any one point in which we fail , we shall be happy to supplement these explanations , imperfect as we feel them to be , on some future occasion .
The Boys' School Anniversary For 1878.
THE BOYS' SCHOOL ANNIVERSARY FOR 1878 .
Bro . Binckcs announced at the Girls ' Festival that the Anniversary of the Boys' School would take place iri June or July , under the exalted presidency of Bro . H . R . H . the Duke of Connaught , P . G . W . We need hardly add that Bro . Binckes in his arduous labours
and his zealous efforts has our " hearty good wishes , " as well as our sincere aspirations for the onward progress and efficiency of the Boys ' School , which , under Bro . Morris , seem to be both most striking and most commendable to the satisfaction of us all alike .
The New Grand Officers.
THE NEW GRAND OFFICERS .
SKMOR GRAND WARDEN . Lord Henniker was made a Mason in January , 186 9 , m tne Lodge Fidelity , No . rjoj , at Framling ham , Suffolk . He served the office of Senior Warden , and afterwards became W . M . of that lod ge . Lord Hennik ^ - has served the
The New Grand Officers.
office of Senior Provincial Grand Warden for Suffolk ( 1871-72 ) , is a member of Lodges Westminster and Keystone , No . 10 , and United , No 1629 , of which he was'W . M . and is now'P . M . He is now W . M . of the Hartismere Lodge at Eye , Suffolk , for the second time . He is a member of the Royal Arch Degree , a Mark Mason , and
also of the Royal Order of Scotland . Lord Henniker is greatly in favour of the better organisation of Masonic Charities in the provinces . Lord Henniker was M . P . for Suffolk from 1866 to 1870 , when he was called to the House of Lords . He is a Lord in Waiting to Her Majesty the Queen .
J UNIOR GRAND WARDEN . Sir Harcourt Johnstone , Bart , J . G . W ., has been W . M . and is P . M . of the Globe Lodge , 200 , Scarborough .
Original Correspondence.
Original Correspondence .
fWe do net hold ourselves responsible for , or even as approving uf rhe opinions expressed by our correspondents , but we wish , in a spirit of fair play to all , to permit—within certain necessary limits—free discussion . —ED . 1
PROGRESS OF FREEMASONRY IN THE PROVINCES . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — In your impression of Saturday , May 4 th ., your correspondent " Statist" " much doubts the rapid progress of the Craft , except in London and perhaps Lancashire . "
I am happy to say progress in the province of West Yorkshire is not rapid , but steady and satisfactory . It is quite true that the addition to our numbers is only 88 , hut this is after deducting from the total of 310 new members , losses by eleath , 58 , and resignations , & c , 164 , leaving still on the roll of this province on 31 st December last , 31 sj members .
I should not have ventured to ask you to insert this explanation had I not observed the words , " there must be something special in the case of West Yorkshire . " This paragraph may leave an impression upon the minds of readers , unacquainted with our very satisfactory condition ,
that there is something wrong amongst us . It would perhaps be better for writers such as " Statist " to obtain fuller information before drawing unfavourable conclusions as to the state of West Yorkshire , or any other Province . Yours faithfully , HENRY SMITH , P . M . 587 .
THE ROYAL ARCH DEGREE AND ITS TRACING BOARD . To the Editor of the "Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — Having read a letter in to-day ' s issue of the Freemason b y our estimable and worthy Bro . K . R . H . Mackenzie , I was very much struck by a description he gave
of a print in his possession relating to the above degree that I thought I must have seen the picture ( or one like it ) , and if so , I must have in my possession a photographic copy of it . I , therefore , looked it up and compared it with the inscription given by him , and find that it accurately agrees with the description he gives of his picture or Tracing Boarel , with the exception of the parallelogram and
equilateral triangle , which do not appear in the picture which my photo is taken from , but which I believe must have originally belonged to it and since been broken or torn away . All the rest is exactly as he elescribes it . The original of the photograph is anil has been in my brother ' s possession for many years . I recollect his telling me that it
was presented to him by a Mason who was dying , whose great grandfather was the first possessor of it . At the bottom of my brother ' s picture is printed the name and aeldress of the publisher , as follows : — " Printed and sold by Companion Cole , No . 78 , Fore-street , Cripplegate , London . "
My brother had a elozcn photographs taken of the picture , six of which I kept to distribute among my brother R . A . companion ' . I enclose you a copy , and beg you will elo me the honour of accepting it . I have no doubt the date when Bro . anil Comp . Cole kept a printer ' s shop in Cripplegate could with some little difficulty be
ascertaince .. I am dear Sir and Brother , yours very sincerely , JOHN GAMBLE , P . M ., R . A ., May 11 . Prov . G . Purs . Gloucestershire
THE BOYS' SCHOOL . To Ihe F . dilor of the " Freemasin . " Dear Sir and Brother , — Your number for this week will doubtless contain a report of the General Committee meeting on Saturday last , at which , in accordance with the rules of the Institution , the subscribers were to nominate candidates for the
House Committee for the ensuing ye-arj anil I shall he obligeel if you will afforel me space to call attention to—what mint surely he—a contravention of the spirit ( if not on he letter ) of these rules . It was already known that two cf the twelve members for this year elid not seek re-election ; vet , when the- time
arrived for nominating the new candidates , one brother ( acting , it may fairly be supposed , with the knovvleelge of the present Committee ) handed in a list of names comprising the ten old members anil two new candidates , thus by a single nomination disposing of the whole of the vacancies .
Original Correspondence.
If this mode of proceedingis permitted by the regulations , hen it would appear that the members of the House Committee are elected for life , with power to appoint their ownl coleagues in cases of vacancy ; and that consequently the supposed right of election by the General Committee of Subscribers is simply a farce or delusion . This , however , it is proposed to test by the ballot on the
1 st June . Bro . Alfred Durrant , a duly qualified Governor , has been also nominated as a member of the Committee , and the subscribers will be invited to protest by their votes against the assumed principle that no candidate may be elected unless he happens to be a protege of the present members . Yours fraternally , H . T . THOMPSON , P . M ., Lower Clapton , 8 th May , 1878 . Life Governor .
HOW MASONRY IS FREE . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — As you are the only brother to whom we may direct such a question as this , with any hope of the reply being full and conclusive , I desire to have your opinion as to how Masonry is free ? also whether it extends to
freedom at the banquet table ; whether a Mason there is as free to choose or reject edibles and drinkables as he usually does at home , or in any hotel , or at any friend's house in the kingdom ? A brother at a banquet not long since , for private reasons of his own , did not drink a single glass of wine or anything else , but as he acted like the rest of his brethren
no one noticed it but the W . M ., who made some remarks which must have been hurtful to the feelings of the unfortunate Mason . It will be gratifying to know what is Free Masonry , and whether the freedom extends to the banquet table . 1 am , yours fraternally , A FREE MAN . [ See leader . ]
FREEMASONRY IN NEW ZEALAND . To the Editor of the "Freemason , " Dear Sir and Brother , — I read in your issue of the 27 th ult ., No . 477 , a very long letter from 111 . Bro . Shadwell H . Clerke , in his capacity of G . S . Gen . to the Supreme Council of England , in answer to some statements contained in another
publication , that a 33 ° wrote on behalf of the Supreme Council of New Zealand and against that of Scotland . I am unwilling to enter for the moment upon the merit cf that question or the particulars thereof , but I cannot forbear presenting the following correction to the erroneous statement that 111 . Bro . Shaelwell H . Clerke made as to the Supreme Council for Egypt and its dependencies .
It is very far from the truth that this Grand Body is , as Bro . Clerke pretends to believe , an irregular or unrecognised one . It is very true that originally it has been constituted by the Supreme Council of Palermo , but in after time the Supreme Council of Italy , having its seat at Turin , has healed and reconstituted the Egyptian Body , recognising and sanctioning all its previous acts and emanations . As to its recognitions , the Supreme Council for Egy pt
may boast of possessing by far more and worthier than 111 Brc . Clerke can fancy . Hoping that , for the sake of truth and a Masonic fair behaviour , you will have the kindness of inserting this in your earliest issue , I have the honour to be , dear Sir and Brother , fraternally yours , F . F . ODDY , 33 ° , Grand Secretary , G . C . S . C . 33 for Egypt and its Depcnelencies .
FREEMASONRY AND CIVILISATION . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — Referring to your notice of the painting bearing the above title , and which appeared in your columns of Saturday last , I beg to correct an error which I consider of ] some consequence . It was not " at a Masonic dinner
that the idea of the painting was first suggested to Bro . Haigh . " The conception of the painting had occupied my mind for some two or three years before I first mentioned the matter to any artist ; and the original rough sketch was drawn by me at Bro . Haigh's studio only in September last It has , of course , been elaborateel by myself and other brethren in various points of detail during
production , anil the result is the work which you so favourably criticise . Masonic dinners , though good in their way , anil not to be by any means despised , are not generally conducive to the advantageous communication of artistic conceits , and for Bro . Haigh's sake , he having been at
considerable expense in producing the painting , I think it right to correct the statement which in many minds might be prejudicial . Yours-truly and fraternally , JAMES STEVENS , P . M ., V . 7 .. Clapham , Miy dth , 1878 .
PROXY VOTING FOR THE CHARITIES . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — I heir of all sorts of wild proposals as to proxy voting eVc , but it is sufficient to say that it is illegal by the rules of all our Charitable 'Institution . Whether it
might be right to concede such a privilege in the future under proper safeguaids , and after due legislation , is another thing . Its use at present is simply impossible . I always think it is a great pity that redrrsscis of grievances and proposers of reform will not in the fust rilace study the laws of the Institution which they propose " to alter or set aside . Yours fraternally , A UFE GOVERNOR OF ALL THE CH . VrUTlES , .
Note: This text has been automatically extracted via Optical Character Recognition (OCR) software.
How Is Freemasonry Free ?
word , but that it is made up of free men , their own masters , owning no interference with their individual liberty of action , admitting no serfdom or servitude . Originally the operative Mason was free of bis guild , and probably we have in the word a remembrance of emancipation through
honest labour in towns of those who were originally " villani , adscript i glebre . " For it is quite clear that no serf could be admitted into the guilds , and though emancipated serfs could be , that is those free by service , or free by manumission , no one could be admitted to the
freedom of the guild whom the lord could reclaim from the borough under the provisions of more than one special Act of Parliament . But all that English Freemasonry now requires of a candidate is that he should be actually a free man . Again , Freemasonry is free ,
in that it never endeavours to force or bias any one even to enter into the Order . It requires a " perfect freedom of inclination " in all who aspire to penetrate lawfully into its mysteries , and long may we studiously guard that distinguishing badge and token of
our " profession , ' discountenancing any attempt to " tout" for candidates , or to press the claims of Masonry on any . Its own intrinsic merits are ever sufficient to entitle it to the regard of the serious , and the admiration of the intelligent . Freemasonry is free also in that it lays down no absolute law of convivial habits , but leaves a
perfect freedom of choice and procedure to the individual taste and temperament . In the case mentioned by our correspondent , the W . M ., inour opinion , showed the very worst possible "form , " and transgressed grievously against the great Masonic law of undoubted and perfect freedom in
the social circle . It is very remarkable to note the change which has come over all social existence , no less than over the Masonic banquet , even •within our own memory . The views of the W . M . complained of have long been obsolete , and would be no longer tolerated in any ciicle
of Masonic gentlemen . To notice what a brother eats or drinks , or does not eat and drink , is a grave offence against Masonic good manners , against that courtesy , and decorum , and consideration which so entirely characterize our Masonic " symposia , " and w-e are only sorry that any one can
have so forgotten his responsibility as a Master , and his duty as a host . We meet every day some of the most distinguished brethren of our Order , among whom the greatest forbearance , friendly feeling , and gentlemanly toleration exist on all such sumptuary regulations , and we consider it one of the most charming characteristics of the
Masonic inner social life that our lodge aggregation is " Liberty Hall , " where all in these respects follow their own bent , and are regulated by their own sense of duty , or necessity , or health without being exposed to itnportunatesolicitation , or brow-beaten by impertinent dictation . We trust that we have in some sort answered
our correspondent , and that our reply will give him satisfaction . If there be any one point in which we fail , we shall be happy to supplement these explanations , imperfect as we feel them to be , on some future occasion .
The Boys' School Anniversary For 1878.
THE BOYS' SCHOOL ANNIVERSARY FOR 1878 .
Bro . Binckcs announced at the Girls ' Festival that the Anniversary of the Boys' School would take place iri June or July , under the exalted presidency of Bro . H . R . H . the Duke of Connaught , P . G . W . We need hardly add that Bro . Binckes in his arduous labours
and his zealous efforts has our " hearty good wishes , " as well as our sincere aspirations for the onward progress and efficiency of the Boys ' School , which , under Bro . Morris , seem to be both most striking and most commendable to the satisfaction of us all alike .
The New Grand Officers.
THE NEW GRAND OFFICERS .
SKMOR GRAND WARDEN . Lord Henniker was made a Mason in January , 186 9 , m tne Lodge Fidelity , No . rjoj , at Framling ham , Suffolk . He served the office of Senior Warden , and afterwards became W . M . of that lod ge . Lord Hennik ^ - has served the
The New Grand Officers.
office of Senior Provincial Grand Warden for Suffolk ( 1871-72 ) , is a member of Lodges Westminster and Keystone , No . 10 , and United , No 1629 , of which he was'W . M . and is now'P . M . He is now W . M . of the Hartismere Lodge at Eye , Suffolk , for the second time . He is a member of the Royal Arch Degree , a Mark Mason , and
also of the Royal Order of Scotland . Lord Henniker is greatly in favour of the better organisation of Masonic Charities in the provinces . Lord Henniker was M . P . for Suffolk from 1866 to 1870 , when he was called to the House of Lords . He is a Lord in Waiting to Her Majesty the Queen .
J UNIOR GRAND WARDEN . Sir Harcourt Johnstone , Bart , J . G . W ., has been W . M . and is P . M . of the Globe Lodge , 200 , Scarborough .
Original Correspondence.
Original Correspondence .
fWe do net hold ourselves responsible for , or even as approving uf rhe opinions expressed by our correspondents , but we wish , in a spirit of fair play to all , to permit—within certain necessary limits—free discussion . —ED . 1
PROGRESS OF FREEMASONRY IN THE PROVINCES . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — In your impression of Saturday , May 4 th ., your correspondent " Statist" " much doubts the rapid progress of the Craft , except in London and perhaps Lancashire . "
I am happy to say progress in the province of West Yorkshire is not rapid , but steady and satisfactory . It is quite true that the addition to our numbers is only 88 , hut this is after deducting from the total of 310 new members , losses by eleath , 58 , and resignations , & c , 164 , leaving still on the roll of this province on 31 st December last , 31 sj members .
I should not have ventured to ask you to insert this explanation had I not observed the words , " there must be something special in the case of West Yorkshire . " This paragraph may leave an impression upon the minds of readers , unacquainted with our very satisfactory condition ,
that there is something wrong amongst us . It would perhaps be better for writers such as " Statist " to obtain fuller information before drawing unfavourable conclusions as to the state of West Yorkshire , or any other Province . Yours faithfully , HENRY SMITH , P . M . 587 .
THE ROYAL ARCH DEGREE AND ITS TRACING BOARD . To the Editor of the "Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — Having read a letter in to-day ' s issue of the Freemason b y our estimable and worthy Bro . K . R . H . Mackenzie , I was very much struck by a description he gave
of a print in his possession relating to the above degree that I thought I must have seen the picture ( or one like it ) , and if so , I must have in my possession a photographic copy of it . I , therefore , looked it up and compared it with the inscription given by him , and find that it accurately agrees with the description he gives of his picture or Tracing Boarel , with the exception of the parallelogram and
equilateral triangle , which do not appear in the picture which my photo is taken from , but which I believe must have originally belonged to it and since been broken or torn away . All the rest is exactly as he elescribes it . The original of the photograph is anil has been in my brother ' s possession for many years . I recollect his telling me that it
was presented to him by a Mason who was dying , whose great grandfather was the first possessor of it . At the bottom of my brother ' s picture is printed the name and aeldress of the publisher , as follows : — " Printed and sold by Companion Cole , No . 78 , Fore-street , Cripplegate , London . "
My brother had a elozcn photographs taken of the picture , six of which I kept to distribute among my brother R . A . companion ' . I enclose you a copy , and beg you will elo me the honour of accepting it . I have no doubt the date when Bro . anil Comp . Cole kept a printer ' s shop in Cripplegate could with some little difficulty be
ascertaince .. I am dear Sir and Brother , yours very sincerely , JOHN GAMBLE , P . M ., R . A ., May 11 . Prov . G . Purs . Gloucestershire
THE BOYS' SCHOOL . To Ihe F . dilor of the " Freemasin . " Dear Sir and Brother , — Your number for this week will doubtless contain a report of the General Committee meeting on Saturday last , at which , in accordance with the rules of the Institution , the subscribers were to nominate candidates for the
House Committee for the ensuing ye-arj anil I shall he obligeel if you will afforel me space to call attention to—what mint surely he—a contravention of the spirit ( if not on he letter ) of these rules . It was already known that two cf the twelve members for this year elid not seek re-election ; vet , when the- time
arrived for nominating the new candidates , one brother ( acting , it may fairly be supposed , with the knovvleelge of the present Committee ) handed in a list of names comprising the ten old members anil two new candidates , thus by a single nomination disposing of the whole of the vacancies .
Original Correspondence.
If this mode of proceedingis permitted by the regulations , hen it would appear that the members of the House Committee are elected for life , with power to appoint their ownl coleagues in cases of vacancy ; and that consequently the supposed right of election by the General Committee of Subscribers is simply a farce or delusion . This , however , it is proposed to test by the ballot on the
1 st June . Bro . Alfred Durrant , a duly qualified Governor , has been also nominated as a member of the Committee , and the subscribers will be invited to protest by their votes against the assumed principle that no candidate may be elected unless he happens to be a protege of the present members . Yours fraternally , H . T . THOMPSON , P . M ., Lower Clapton , 8 th May , 1878 . Life Governor .
HOW MASONRY IS FREE . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — As you are the only brother to whom we may direct such a question as this , with any hope of the reply being full and conclusive , I desire to have your opinion as to how Masonry is free ? also whether it extends to
freedom at the banquet table ; whether a Mason there is as free to choose or reject edibles and drinkables as he usually does at home , or in any hotel , or at any friend's house in the kingdom ? A brother at a banquet not long since , for private reasons of his own , did not drink a single glass of wine or anything else , but as he acted like the rest of his brethren
no one noticed it but the W . M ., who made some remarks which must have been hurtful to the feelings of the unfortunate Mason . It will be gratifying to know what is Free Masonry , and whether the freedom extends to the banquet table . 1 am , yours fraternally , A FREE MAN . [ See leader . ]
FREEMASONRY IN NEW ZEALAND . To the Editor of the "Freemason , " Dear Sir and Brother , — I read in your issue of the 27 th ult ., No . 477 , a very long letter from 111 . Bro . Shadwell H . Clerke , in his capacity of G . S . Gen . to the Supreme Council of England , in answer to some statements contained in another
publication , that a 33 ° wrote on behalf of the Supreme Council of New Zealand and against that of Scotland . I am unwilling to enter for the moment upon the merit cf that question or the particulars thereof , but I cannot forbear presenting the following correction to the erroneous statement that 111 . Bro . Shaelwell H . Clerke made as to the Supreme Council for Egypt and its dependencies .
It is very far from the truth that this Grand Body is , as Bro . Clerke pretends to believe , an irregular or unrecognised one . It is very true that originally it has been constituted by the Supreme Council of Palermo , but in after time the Supreme Council of Italy , having its seat at Turin , has healed and reconstituted the Egyptian Body , recognising and sanctioning all its previous acts and emanations . As to its recognitions , the Supreme Council for Egy pt
may boast of possessing by far more and worthier than 111 Brc . Clerke can fancy . Hoping that , for the sake of truth and a Masonic fair behaviour , you will have the kindness of inserting this in your earliest issue , I have the honour to be , dear Sir and Brother , fraternally yours , F . F . ODDY , 33 ° , Grand Secretary , G . C . S . C . 33 for Egypt and its Depcnelencies .
FREEMASONRY AND CIVILISATION . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — Referring to your notice of the painting bearing the above title , and which appeared in your columns of Saturday last , I beg to correct an error which I consider of ] some consequence . It was not " at a Masonic dinner
that the idea of the painting was first suggested to Bro . Haigh . " The conception of the painting had occupied my mind for some two or three years before I first mentioned the matter to any artist ; and the original rough sketch was drawn by me at Bro . Haigh's studio only in September last It has , of course , been elaborateel by myself and other brethren in various points of detail during
production , anil the result is the work which you so favourably criticise . Masonic dinners , though good in their way , anil not to be by any means despised , are not generally conducive to the advantageous communication of artistic conceits , and for Bro . Haigh's sake , he having been at
considerable expense in producing the painting , I think it right to correct the statement which in many minds might be prejudicial . Yours-truly and fraternally , JAMES STEVENS , P . M ., V . 7 .. Clapham , Miy dth , 1878 .
PROXY VOTING FOR THE CHARITIES . To the Editor of the " Freemason . " Dear Sir and Brother , — I heir of all sorts of wild proposals as to proxy voting eVc , but it is sufficient to say that it is illegal by the rules of all our Charitable 'Institution . Whether it
might be right to concede such a privilege in the future under proper safeguaids , and after due legislation , is another thing . Its use at present is simply impossible . I always think it is a great pity that redrrsscis of grievances and proposers of reform will not in the fust rilace study the laws of the Institution which they propose " to alter or set aside . Yours fraternally , A UFE GOVERNOR OF ALL THE CH . VrUTlES , .